安装配置CentOS7服务器的实操原始记录

  • 聚客宝
  • 2021-08-06 15:49:36

(1)制作安装U盘,使用(1)usbwrite软件,(2)linux的安装iso文件,(3)一个U盘,

用usbwrite软件制作出来centos安装盘。


(2)按照开始,直接选择英文版本,设置时区时,无法设置网络对时,感觉很奇怪,觉得网络没有配置好。反复折腾几遍。发现问题在于,应该首先把网络打开,由于是英文版本,对于英文不敏感导致的这种问题。配置第一屏,需要设置的项目应该有以下几项:

1)设置网络,把网络打开,可以查看IP地址等网路信息;

2)设置时区,选择所在时区,网路通畅则会自动打开网路对时;

3)选择安装磁盘,用过的硬盘,在选中以后,会提示处理原来的数据,选择delete all,删除原有的数据;


(3)安装setup网络配置命令

[root@localhost ~]# yum install setup


[root@localhost ~]# yum info setup

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com

 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com

 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com

Installed Packages

Name        : setup

Arch        : noarch

Version     : 2.8.71

Release     : 9.el7

Size        : 681 k

Repo        : installed

From repo   : base

Summary     : A set of system configuration and setup files

URL         : https://pagure.io/setup/

License     : Public Domain

Description : The setup package contains a set of important system configuration and

            : setup files, such as passwd, group, and profile.


[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y setuptool

[root@localhost ~]# yum info setuptool

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com

 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com

 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com

Installed Packages

Name        : setuptool

Arch        : x86_64

Version     : 1.19.11

Release     : 8.el7

Size        : 146 k

Repo        : installed

From repo   : base

Summary     : A text mode system configuration tool

URL         : http://git.fedorahosted.org/git/?p=setuptool.git

License     : GPLv2+

Description : Setuptool is a user-friendly text mode menu utility which allows you

            : to access all of the text mode configuration programs included in the

            : operating system distribution.


(4)SElinux服务默认是启动的

[root@localhost ~]# sestatus

SELinux status:                 enabled

SELinuxfs mount:                /sys/fs/selinux

SELinux root directory:         /etc/selinux

Loaded policy name:             targeted

Current mode:                   enforcing

Mode from config file:          enforcing

Policy MLS status:              enabled

Policy deny_unknown status:     allowed

Max kernel policy version:      31


如何关闭SELinux服务

通过配置文件调整SELinux的参数,修改以后需要重新启动系统

[root@www ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=disabled     <==调整 enforcing|disabled|permissive

SELINUXTYPE=targeted  <==目前仅有 targeted 与 strict


(5)iptables.service

默认没有安装


(6)firewalld.service默认安装启动状态


[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status iptables.service

Unit iptables.service could not be found.

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status firewalld

● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon

   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)

   Active: active (running) since Sun 2018-09-02 12:17:10 CST; 3min 2s ago

     Docs: man:firewalld(1)

 Main PID: 759 (firewalld)

   CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service

           └─759 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid


Sep 02 12:17:10 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...

Sep 02 12:17:10 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.


关闭服务,关闭自启动

systemctl stop firewalld.service

systemctl disable firewalld.service


(7)安装补充软件

links

eog

vim

setup

setuptool


(8)查看硬盘


[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l


Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x2c903157


   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1            2048  1953525167   976761560   83  Linux

WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.


Disk /dev/sda: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes, 234441648 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: gpt

Disk identifier: D26EECB3-516F-441C-814B-16586FF27138



#         Start          End    Size  Type            Name

 1         2048       411647    200M  EFI System      EFI System Partition

 2       411648      2508799      1G  Microsoft basic 

 3      2508800    234440703  110.6G  Linux LVM       


Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0xabeb4f4d


   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdc1            2048  1953525167   976761560   83  Linux


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes



Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 8388 MB, 8388608000 bytes, 16384000 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes



Disk /dev/mapper/centos-home: 56.7 GB, 56665047040 bytes, 110673920 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


(9)硬盘格式化


[root@localhost /]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/sdb

meta-data=/dev/sdb               isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=61047662 blks

         =                       sectsz=4096  attr=2, projid32bit=1

         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0

data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=244190646, imaxpct=25

         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks

naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1

log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=119233, version=2

         =                       sectsz=4096  sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1

realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0


[root@localhost /]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/sdc

meta-data=/dev/sdc               isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=61047662 blks

         =                       sectsz=4096  attr=2, projid32bit=1

         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0

data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=244190646, imaxpct=25

         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks

naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1

log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=119233, version=2

         =                       sectsz=4096  sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1

realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0


[root@localhost /]# fdisk -l


Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.


Disk /dev/sda: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes, 234441648 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: gpt

Disk identifier: D26EECB3-516F-441C-814B-16586FF27138



#         Start          End    Size  Type            Name

 1         2048       411647    200M  EFI System      EFI System Partition

 2       411648      2508799      1G  Microsoft basic 

 3      2508800    234440703  110.6G  Linux LVM       


Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes



Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes



Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 8388 MB, 8388608000 bytes, 16384000 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes



Disk /dev/mapper/centos-home: 56.7 GB, 56665047040 bytes, 110673920 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


(10)配置web目录及ftp目录


结构

www/wroot/web80/

1)wroot为ftp80上传目录

2)web80为虚拟主机的根目录

3)创建ftp80本地用户,用户目录为wroot,归属ftp组

4)虚拟主机目录的用户为ftp80,用户组为ftp


操作步骤

1)创建本地用户ftp80



[root@localhost /]# passwd ftp80

Changing password for user ftp80.

New password: 

Retype new password: 

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.



[root@localhost www]# touch /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list


#访问权限的配置,可以把同一个目录下的虚拟主机做统一配置部署;

<Directory "/www/wroot/web80">

    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks Includes ExecCGI

    AllowOverride All

    Require all granted

</Directory>


#虚拟主机列表

<VirtualHost *:80>

        ServerName m.zbca.com

        DocumentRoot "/www/wroot/web80/m.zbca.com"

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>

        ServerName n.zbca.com

        DocumentRoot "/www/wroot/web80/n.zbca.com"

</VirtualHost>


网站根目录的父目录,必须对网站有读取的权限才可以



Warning: session_start(): Cannot send session cookie - headers already sent by (output started at /www/wroot/web80/app.4800.cn/config.php:1) in /www/wroot/web80/app.4800.cn/app/model/admin/yloginModel.php on line 56


Warning: session_start(): Cannot send session cache limiter - headers already sent (output started at /www/wroot/web80/app.4800.cn/config.php:1) in /www/wroot/web80/app.4800.cn/app/model/admin/yloginModel.php on line 56


Warning: session_regenerate_id(): Cannot regenerate session id - headers already sent in /www/wroot/web80/app.4800.cn/app/model/admin/yloginModel.php on line 59


Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /www/wroot/web80/app.4800.cn/config.php:1) in /www/wroot/web80/app.4800.cn/app/view/admin/yloginView.php on line 21


congfig文件编码有问题,在启动session前有输出,重新把config.php文件复制到记事本上折腾了一遍,恢复正常;


回顾问题

(1)配置vhost.conf以后无法访问,配置前,可以直接打开apache欢迎页面

问题解决:网站的父目录wroot没有对组用户开发权限,导致对于ftp(apache设置的用户)没有访问该网站文件的权限


(2)上传网站后无法访问

1)数据库的连接函数错误,上次已经修改,这次仍然没有修改过来

mysqli_conection()参数没有端口号不行


2)Cannot send session cookie - headers already sent by

尝试打开session.auto_start=1 没有起作用

重新把congfig文件用记事本uft-8导了一遍